Sport In The Construction Of Masculinity

pastime In The Construction Of MasculinityGender studies is an interdisciplinary study which investigate different aspects of gender. Sport is one of the aspects that researchers in these years are trying to analyse in a gender perspective. It is believed that variant is friendlyly conditioned based on many researches. This essay give encounter sport contributing to the urinateion of maleness by several government agencys, they are gender stratification in tradition, homophobia in sport, sport as male hold fast religious rite, biased opportunities towards men and media influence. Further examples and elaborations will follow in each point to demonstrate sport is indeed a social constitution constructing masculinity.Sport has long been instituted as male dominated and masculine in orientation by a couple of reasons. First, the historical gender stratification throughout a century has established that sport is an institution constructing masculinity. We are living in a patr iarchal society that male are always in ace status than female, from economic status to daily life. The society has embedded a concept that the role of women is to give birth and their only obligation is to take distribute of children. But in 20th century, women are no longer highly dependent on men, as more and more women have become labours in the market. It has shortened the distance between two sexes, but simply gender inequality backsidenot be eliminated so easily. Bilrell and Cole (1990) have mentioned that superiority of corporeal fitness is the key factor of winning in sport, and sport is the main activities emphasis on the sexual differentiation. Since sport emphasizes a lot on strength and bravery, male are thought to perform well innately than women (Klein 1990). As a result, the male participating rate in sport in general is higher(prenominal) than women. It is no wonder that Zane Grey (1992) in his book wrote solely boys love baseball. If they dont theyre not rea l boys. This concept was passed on from generation to generation and eventually sport becomes a post constructing masculinity.Second, homophobia is another factor constructing masculinity in sport. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, sport has somehow developed into a male hegemonic activity. virile who does not participate in sports are not regarded as real man, and female participating in sports are thought to be man like. They may, therefore, be set as homosexuals. In fact, in the traditional socialization process, men in the early age had learnt that male who does not perform in manly way may see as homosexual (Messner 1992). Athletics, no matter male or female, may sometimes touch apparent or even enlarged movement to raise their masculinity and femininity, just because they are afraid of people confusing their gender identity. Ordinarily, males characteristics are tough, aggressive, competitive, physically strong, whereas women tend to show attractive appearance, to do make-up and wearing feminine clothing. The traditional association of physical strength, power and athleticism with masculinity causes many people to question the sexuality of women athletes. Former lawn tennis star Chris Evert paid great attention to whether or not she acted like a woman in the court, and almost the end of her tennis public life she finally willing to admit that she is an athlete (Woolum 1998). Though she is a tennis player, she tried to act like a woman so as to obtain her feminine image. When Evert evaluated on her early stage of career, she said she never feel like an athlete, she was just a person playing tennis (Woolum 1998). She would like to be a complete woman such as having nail polish and wearing fancy hair band, rather than a freak in others eyes. From this example, we have seen that sport is thought to be male-oriented. Since female athletes challenge traditional notions of femininity and their abilities are seen as stereotypically masculine, fema le athletes are always contending with homophobia so that they will not be labelled as lesbian. It, in turns, lessens females willingness to participate in sport. As for men, they tend to participating in sport in order to show their manhood and avoid categorized as gay. It is, therefore, understandable that sports is a site for the embodiment of masculinity because of its nature of male-oriented.Third, sports play an important role in masculinity because sport is constructed as male bonding ritual. Similar to fraternity and military, sport helps young boys making connections in their life (Fine 2000). As we all know, sport focuses a lot of competitiveness and aggression, or sometimes, even involves physical contact and collision in between athletes. These are the elements that enable the notion of masculinity and the hegemonic ideal to construct a boy into a real man. Burstyn (1999) believed that sport provided the kind of rituals of conquest and aggression that men with a weak sen se of masculinity needed to symbolize, to make physical and palpable, the difference between a mans man and a mamas boy , which means sport is succeeded in socializing boys into manhood despite the absence of the family start (Burstyn 1999). Here we realize that sport is in fact served as an embodied ritual of confirming and strengthening mens gender identity. Even if some children may belong in single-parent families, they are still able to achieve manliness as sport can be a replacement of father for them to obtain masculinity. All men can group together to retain their manhood and to reassert their gender privilege via sport. Thus, we can conclude that sport is a bonding ritual for men to construct their masculinity.In addition, biased opportunity towards men is a way to gradually construct masculinity in sport. Traditionally we are told that girls are only suitable for activities which are related to the aesthetic side of sports such as ice cheerleading and skating. Females ar e not recommended to engage in high physical contact activities such as rugby, boxing and soccer. In the schooling stage, gender socialization and gender typing shaped teenagers how they should act based on their gender. Plausibly, self-fulfilling prodigy has occurred and these norms have shaped individuals behavior, which in turn shapes future expectations. This cycle has shaped our society into a male supremacy culture, and sport is an embodiment of this notion. The opportununties bias can be seen particularly in the professional ranks. Womens sport would never be at the top of the pirority when business companies looking to use sports to market their product (Person 2009). They implicated with earning money from the advertsing and they believed that the money return will not be as much if they invest in womens sport (Person 2009). The average salary can obviously indicate the inequality of opportunities within two sexes, men are able to earn 4 millions in average whereas women can only earn almost 1.4% of men, around $55,000 in average. Without social and economical motivation, girls devote less time to the sport. As a result, sport become male domain and a site for constrcuting masculinity.Finally, media influence is a factor contributing to the masculine construction in sport. The Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles has done a research (Wilson 1999) claiming that over 90% of American teenagers consume sports media. Since sports are mostly dominated by men, from the athletes and coaches to the commentators and reporters, media is definitely influential enough to transmit ideas about masculinity and maleness. And when it comes to reporting sport news, the word is the main point reporters are focusing on. Mens sport is generally believed to have more attention and enthusiasm from the public, compared with womens sport. Sometimes after a match has finished, reporters are able to immediately interview male athletes in the changing room, it is, howev er, impossible to do the same thing on women. It is, therefore, clear that there are slews of bias and limitations on sports media which ultimately contribute to the construction of masculinity in our society.In conclusion, sport was demonstrated as being a dominant social institution which naturalized mens power and privilege over women. It has marginalized and trivialized female athletes, which sequentially help reproducing the ideological of masculinity in sport.

Positive Verbal Communication Analysis

Positive Verbal Communication AnalysisWhat ar any(prenominal) things you depose do as a customer service professional to project a electropositive image to the customer? First, think c arfully about the spoken communication you choose in front of them. Use customer-friendly words. Avoid acronyms and indus discipline-specific language. Youll never impress the customer with how smart you ar if you make them happen dumb.Second, consciously choose your intent of voice. You may say the right words and say it in a demeanor that communicates something entirely different. How many husbands urinate asked their wives, Honey, is on that point anything wrong? And the wife says, postal code And the husband gets in trouble because he believed herMake sure enough your tone is professional and pleasant. Is that hard? Yes At the end of your shift when you have a headache, when youve that been bawled out by an angry customer, when youve just had a run-in with your boss all these situati ons make it difficult to treat the next mortal with respect and address however, thats your job. If you want to keep customers coming back and make knowning their friends, youve got to treat them right.The third thing you bathroom do to create a positive image is to be aware of your body language. How you are standing or sitting piece of ass communicate a loud message. If you have a face-to-face business, you must localise some thought into your appearance. You always want to appear clean and neat. Im not talking about how expensive your clothes are or are not, and are they clean? Ironed? Do they fit? All these things speak loudly to the customer. After all, if you dont care bounteous to present your ego well, the customer wonders if you care enough to do the job well.What element(s) of the do you believe are the most important in a customer service environment? ExplainTwo way communications involves the sender and the receive who each contri neverthelesse to the communicat ion process. Part of the process is declining which is the best channel to ensure clear message delivery.What are some strategies to use in order to avoid words or phrases that depart negatively claim your human relationship with your customer?While we seek to communicate effectively, in that location are often distorted perceptions of what we view as truth or right. As a result of these colored reality, conflict often result. A law of continuation of this miscommunication is likely to create a downward spiral of increased tension.You have probably heard the term unresisting aggressive and did not k nowadays what it meant. You are probably familiar with the terms unresisting and aggressive. These are three communication styles that should be eliminated if you are to communicate effectively with another(prenominal) individuals.Aggressive communication can be described as follows-Shouting-Using intimidation or threats-Underlying violence-Talking down to people in a disrespectf ul manner-Being very controlling-Saying natural and hurtful things to people under the guise of macrocosm blunt-Name calling-Offensive behaviourDo you exhibit any of these signs of aggressive behavior? If so, you probably have found that it has gotten you into quite a few fights, maybe even some physical altercations. You are a walking time bomb who always seems to be suitable to go off.There is nothing wrong with be assertive in making sure that your needs are met. There is something wrong if you are hurting other people in your quest to do this.People who exhibit aggressive style behavior are usually bullies. They often will resort to talking to people in this manner at stores and places where employees are trained not to talk back. It gives them a false sense of superiority and makes others sapidity bad. To say that this communication style is ineffective is an understatement. It is toxic. And sooner or later, it will cause negative effects in your life. No matter how much of a bully you are, and how aggressive, there is always someone who is a bit tougher. Continue this type of behavior and be prepared to have very few friends, attain around from different jobs all of the time and have problems in your personal life as well as with the criminal justice system. Have problems in your personal life as well as with the criminal justice system.Passive behavior is almost as destructive as aggressive behavior. You never know what a passive person is thinking, but they are usually seething on the inside about something. Because they are so stifled in their emotional range, they will not let anything out for others to see. Somewhere in their lifetime, they were told that it was not okay to display any of their feelings nor have any value to their feelings. They exactly allow people to walk all over them. When the passive person has had enough of the conflict, they will just take off.You have heard about passive people before. Surely you know someone who kno ws someone who has had a father or mother just take off without explanation. Chances are that the conflict they were experiencing was exploitation for some time. But because they did not know how to address the conflict, it never came out. Until the day that they decided to take off and leave.Passive behavior is destructive in that it does not allow someone to communicate their thoughts and feelings in an effective manner. In fact, it does not allow them to communicate their feelings at all. This is almost as alienating as being aggressive. People who are extremely passive usually have a very low self esteem and simply do not feel that their needs are worth fighting for. Until they get to the point where the conflict builds up and they just escape.In many cases, a person who is very passive may not escape physically from the conflict, but in their own mind. They may appear distant to others. This is because they have found it more comforting to fall behind into a dream world where the conflict does not exist.Passive AggressiveA person who is passive aggressive has deep started anger issues but will not address them. Instead, they will act out in other manners that are destructive. They usually have a problem with being told what to do by authority figures and are generally very negative individuals. Being passive-aggressive is considered as having traits that are reflective of having a personality disorder. A person who has been diagnosed with a personality disorder needs a more than conflict coaching, although this is a step in the right direction.Signs that someone is passive aggressive allow-Harboring resentment and underlying seething-Communicating through indirect means by using children, messengers or e-mails toget their message to the individual who is causing the conflict-Negative self image and image of others around him or her-Angry all of the time but inability to express it appropriately. The person may resort tohurting animals or other pets-M aking snide remarks or giving backhanded compliments to people.Someone who is passive aggressive can use a soundly dose of therapy to get to the root of his or her negative self image. Their negative self image does not only affect them, but others around them. Normally, someone who is passive aggressive learns this behavior in childhood. Chances are that there is a parent who also suffered with this issue.If you have one of these communication styles, you will want to do something to overcome it and be able to communicate more effectively.What are some of the tips outlined in this chapter for ensuring effective customer interactions?Responsible for ensuring that a meaningful exchange of information takes place.By judge this responsibility.You can perform your job more efficiently.Generate goodwill and customer loyalty for the organization.Provide service excellence.What is feedback?Your feedback could affect the relationship you have or are building with your customers. The effec t may be positive or negative, depending on the content and delivery.Verbal feedbackNonverbal feedbackBody languageActionsAppearancesHow can verbal feedback affect customer encounters?Give some examples of nonverbal feedback and explain how they can affect customer interactions?List at least five tips for providing positive feedback.Giving positive feedback is one of the more enjoyable tasks in the workplace. From the most senior to most junior, regular appropriate praise can enhance job satisfaction and shape up motivation.Build TrustContrastFocus on ImprovementsUse ExamplesGive Positive FeedbackSCENARIOSYou are a customer service professional in a dry cleaners shop. A customer who has been coming for years stops by with a silk shirt that has a stain that, according to him, was not there before the most recent dry cleaning. He is upset because the garment is expensive and was to have been damaged to a class reunion yesterday.As we try to dry our customer clothes as superior as we can do. But we are also human beings all the things we cant do properly. Since he complains about the shirt stain and he spoil the class reunion yesterday, we ask thousand apologies from him, and we try to get that kind of shirt for him. So he may have a good confident about our shop.You are a member service representative in an automobile club that provides maps, motivate information, towing and travel service, and a variety of travel-related products. A member has supported by to find out whether she can get a replacement membership twit and assistance in planning an upcoming vacation.As u knows our business is giving service to customers. We always try to keep a good relationship with our customer. We happily help our customer difficulties because they are our future without them we cant grow up. Since she is our customer and we want give a replacement membership because if we dont do that now we know we will lose one customer, for us each and every customer is important. So we will be always want keep in touch with customer.You are a counter clerk in a fast-food restaurant. It is lunchtime, and the restaurant is full of patrons. As you are taking an order form a customer, a second customer steps to the front of the line, interrupts the first customer, and demands a replacement sandwich because the one she received is not what she ordered.If he is interrupting it is better to clobber his problem first, and for second one can give a nice smile and get an excuse and can talk the first one and can ask for apologies for bringing wrong one, and can tell to him that we will try our best not to repeat this again. So the problem will be exonerate charm and satisfactorily.As a clerk in a local video rental store, you see many of the same patrons regularly and have a fairly good relationship with many of them. Once of the regular customers has just come in to rent a video but is not sure what he wants. You must determine his needs and properly assist him. Be sure to ask probing, open-ended questions, phrased positively, to help you get the information you need.If he is a regular customer, we can understand his feeling and his taste. So when he come to store we can ask question like, how was the last film that your brought? And can tell you always take this kind of thing so you like this and that. And can give our feeling about that and can tell like that other good one also there. So he will tell his feeling about that and tell again what he wants.CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONSSince you dont have a relationship with Sylvia, what will you do to get off to a solid start during your visit?Try to meet her and create a relation with Sylvia. solemnize her perfectly.Respect her and her ideas.Watch her expirations carefully, ask about her needs and wants.How should you approach Sylvia verbally and nonverbally?Take with her warmly and sincerely.Try to build a foundation to assumption on her mind.What strategies among the ones discussed in this chapter can you use to find out where you and LKM stand in Sylvias mind?

The Watch Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Essay

I am sitting in a still room, borrowing a moment to invigorate the serenity that seems to float in the air like a cloud of fog, and listening to the silence. Listening closely, I notice that the silence, an absence of app arnt sound, is its induce unison it is an orchestration that is cosmos kept alive by a carefully beating drum. I concentrate on the drums beats, observing that its calendar method of birth control is steadily and confidently throbbing. When glancing, I make a discovery and erupt with laughter. At this moment, precisely 143 PM, I realize that the incessant nervous impulse is not the tempo of tranquility, but rather the look intoing of my watch. A small, thin, golden band strapped to my wrist, the watch is a living creature it has a face, hands, a heartbeat. It has its own mechanized mind, a willpower to keep ticking at the same pace despite the circumstances some of the more durable watches even tick under water. Within each brisk movement of the second-hand, a human has laughed, some have shed tears, one is gripped by death, and yet another is being given the gift of life. Just like the individuals who comprise the human race, these curious creatures come in all shapes and sizes, each with its own beauty. My watch, an example of those delicate timepieces level(p) with a band of gold or silver, resembles a bracelet. Yet, there are watches with thicker straps some with leather, plastic, and even bands of bulky cloth watches with bold heavy-set numerals timepieces with only dots or diamond-shaped accents to defend the twelve hours as well as the contemporary digital watch. Despite the endless assortment of watches, each serves the very same purpose creating a fashion model in which those who ride the roller coaster of modernized life must run th... ...e not only created a world where our slavery to time is inevitable, but are now pushing the envelope to race against the clock. No longer are we satisfied to wait three days to receive in formation in the berth we simply send a fax or an email with the punch of a button or the click of a mouse. In a politeness that craves instant-gratification, whether in terms of financial transactions or communication, speed has become the most valuable commodity. Our newly conceived definitions of the words fast and slow are resetting the biologic clocks of younger generations. My watch tells me that several hours have passed while I have been explaining every nuance of time, but I have numerous tasks to effect before the curtain comes down on February the fifth, two-thousand three. I better attend to these duties before I realize that I have wasted too such(prenominal) time.

Comparison of Four Poems about Loss Essay -- English Literature

Compari male child of Four Poems about LossI am comparing On my first Sonne by Ben Jonson (a pre-1914 piece ofpoesy, written in 1616), My Last Duchess by Robert Browning (apre-1914 piece of poetry, written in 1845), Mid-Term Break by SeamusHeaney (a piece of poetry from the Heaney bank) and Cold cut out Lakeby Gillian Clarke (a piece of poetry from the Clarke bank).The poem, On my first Sonne is about the loss of a close familymember, Ben Jonsons first son, who died at the long time of seven. The poemis about the poet coming to terms with the truth, that his first sonhad died and he would never see him again. In the poem, the poet goes by dint of different stages of grief and he is real emotional about hisloss. The poem opens on an emotional note, Farewell, thou child of myright hand, and joy My sinne was too much hope of thee, lovd boy.Even though, in the 1600s, the death of a child was very common, thepoet expresses deep sorrow for his loss. He talks about how hecommitted a sin of loving his son too much when his son was lent tohim, and he paid the price (his son died). Seven yeeres thowert lentto me, and I thee pay, Exacted by thy fate, on the sightly day.My Last Duchess also deals with the loss of a close family member,the Dukes wife. The Duke shows his visitor a portrait of his latewife, which is kept behind a curtain. The Duke tells the story of TheDuchess who had A heart how shall I say? too soon made glad, Tooeasily impressed. The Duke explains how she ranked My gift of anine-hundred-years-old name With anybodys gift. He entangle that hecould not speak to her about it and the situation became worse. In theend, he says I gave commands Then all smiles stopped tog... ...w what Brownings attitudes or feelings toward the Duke, theDuchess, or their situation actually were.Heaney, in Mid-Term Break, describes the scene in his household andit becomes obvious that the whole family is devastated by hisbrothers death. The reader understands the emotions of each familymember through the poets young eyes. At the end of the poem, whenHeaney is alone with his brothers body, we sense the poetsacceptance of his brothers death.Clarke, in Cold Knap Lake, paints a vivid picture of the dramaticrescue of the child from the lake. Through the poets words, we canfeel the shock of the crowd, the pride in her mother and the easementwhen the child breathes again. We also sense Clarkes astonishmentwhen the child is thrashed. Finally, at the end of the poem, Clarkeexpresses uncertainty about the reliability of memory.

New Ways of Learning in the Workplace :: Workforce Work Working Job Essays

New Ways of Learning in the WorkplaceIn todays high performance organizations, workers mustiness be prepared for continuous on-the-job growth and development. Given the increased age, variety of experiences, and diverse lifestyles and cultures of the working population, it is understandable that adult statement practices must fly the coop beyond the traditional model of teachers as purveyors of knowledge and learners as passive recipients. Methods and techniques that draw upon workers previous experiences, link concepts and practices, and encourage reflection and the transfer of knowledge from virtuoso situation to another are vital to the eruditeness process. This Digest addresses some of the new ways to learn at work, such as action learnedness, fit(p) learning, and incidental learning.Action LearningAction learning is a systematic process through which individuals learn by doing. It is based on the premise that learning requires action and action requires learning. It engage s individuals in just-in-time learning by providing opportunities for them to develop knowledge and understanding at the appropriate time based on immediate tangle needs (Lewis and Williams 1994, p. 11). Learning itself is the desired outcome of action learning, not problem solving. It is the learning that occurs in the process of finding solutions to problems that constitutes action learning. It is a type of learning that helps individuals respond more effectively to change.Action learning has been adopted in the workplace as a viable approach to experiential management education and development and an important element of a training and development strategy (Vince and Martin 1993). It involves the appendages of an organization in separate situations with the goal of helping each group member learn through the process of finding solutions to their own problems. Through this process, learners increase their self-awareness and develop new knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills for making changes and redefining their roles within new contexts (Williams 1992). The properties of action learning brighten its relevance to workplace learning (Beaty et al. 1993)Learning is based on the solution of real problems. Learning occurs with and from others who are also engaged in managing real problems. Members of the group are responsible for solving their own problems, unlike those on a project team or task force. Members of the group are concerned with implementing actions, base beyond the stages of analysis and recommendation.Situated LearningSituated learning is another approach that is receiving attention in the field of adult and workplace learning. In the find learning approach, knowledge and skills are taught in contexts that reflect how the knowledge will be used in real-life situations.

Literature Essay -- Education, Reading

Literature has the ability to take students to new places, and it onlyows them to experience many things they lead never encounter in their lifetimes. In an effort to afford this opportunity to experience new things to all children, numerous studies have been conducted to examine meanss to better mere(a) students find outing skills and overall ushering comprehension. Within these studies, scholars have discussed links between vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary knowledge, fluency, and reading comprehension. This paper discusses these links and strategies to help students remediate all aspects of their reading. In 1997, Congress asked the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD, 2000) to select an independent plank of reviewers to evaluate research and lit in order to determine the most effective way to teach children how to read. This panel was comprised of fourteen individuals from a variety of backgrounds scientists in reading research, represent atives of colleges of education, reading teachers, educational administrators, and parents. The panel came to be kn feature as the National Reading Panel (NRP). The result of the NRP research was that the most effective way to teach children to read is by different instructional methods and techniques. According to the panel, effective reading instruction should consist of teaching students to break apart run-in and listen for sounds (phonemic awareness), teaching students that sounds form words (phonics), having students read aloud and provide them with feedback (guided oral reading), and applying comprehension strategies to guide and build complete reading comprehension. With this new wealth of knowledge, the NICHD began distributing their findings to... ...ntiff. This enriched content allows little doubt as to what the significance of the vocabulary word is. The reader is able to use this example to not only learn the meaning of the word, but to gain an understanding o f the advise and way to use context clues to construct meaning. Hacker (2004) pointed out that one important strategy that is central to improving students reading comprehension is students ability to observe their own comprehension. This concept is carried out by students identifying and resolving their own errors in reading. Students command to be able to decide whether or not what they have read makes sense. If not, they need to realize that they have encountered an error and begin problem solving as to what needs to be reread. This skill is especially important as students position aged(a) and begin reading an increasing volume of text independently. Literature Essay -- Education, Reading Literature has the ability to take students to new places, and it allows them to experience many things they will never encounter in their lifetimes. In an effort to afford this opportunity to experience new things to all children, numerous studies have been conducted to examine ways to improve elementary students reading skills and overall reading comprehension. Within these studies, scholars have discussed links between vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary knowledge, fluency, and reading comprehension. This paper discusses these links and strategies to help students improve all aspects of their reading. In 1997, Congress asked the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD, 2000) to select an independent panel of reviewers to evaluate research and literature in order to determine the most effective way to teach children how to read. This panel was comprised of fourteen individuals from a variety of backgrounds scientists in reading research, representatives of colleges of education, reading teachers, educational administrators, and parents. The panel came to be known as the National Reading Panel (NRP). The result of the NRP research was that the most effective way to teach children to read is through diverse instruction al methods and techniques. According to the panel, effective reading instruction should consist of teaching students to break apart words and listen for sounds (phonemic awareness), teaching students that sounds form words (phonics), having students read aloud and provide them with feedback (guided oral reading), and applying comprehension strategies to guide and build complete reading comprehension. With this new wealth of knowledge, the NICHD began distributing their findings to... ...ntiff. This enriched content allows little doubt as to what the meaning of the vocabulary word is. The reader is able to use this example to not only learn the meaning of the word, but to gain an understanding of the purpose and way to use context clues to construct meaning. Hacker (2004) pointed out that one important strategy that is central to improving students reading comprehension is students ability to monitor their own comprehension. This concept is carried out by students identifying and resolving their own errors in reading. Students need to be able to decide whether or not what they have read makes sense. If not, they need to realize that they have encountered an error and begin problem solving as to what needs to be reread. This skill is especially important as students get older and begin reading an increasing volume of text independently.

American Treatment of the Indian Tribes Essay -- essays research paper

American Treatment of the Indian Tribes                                             The American Indian lived a life being one with nature. In their way, they understood the bionomical demands of the land and knew that if they took care of the land the land would take care of them. They possessed an untouched wisdom living in harmony with the environment. They hunted the land for buffalo, which provided nutrient and clothing for the ages to come. In time they would almost become non existent at the hands of the white man. They would come to lose their land, lose the buffalo and lose their self being and their way of life. Towards the end of the 1800s the Indian territories were reduced by about 95 percent. The U.S. presidential term along with greedy white settlers was the main reason rat this loss of land. The government placed treaty upon treaty on the Native Americans and would non uphold to any of them. Some treaties were made to guarantee safety and long-lived reserve for the Indians, but they were not followed through. In most cases the Indians were driven off the land by white settlers looking for gold or rich farmlands. The U. S. government broke some of the treaties by expanding through the promised lands looking for valuable minerals and making way for the expansion of the railways. The U.S. Government in seeking rights to control the land and its inborn resources reverted to legal manipulation. In cases were they were met with resistance, the Army was called in to settle the score.The relocation of the Indians from lands east of the Mississippi River to the West represents a dark phase in American history. In the first treaties signed, there were promises of stability for the Indians. One of these sagas is k promptlyn as the Trail of Tears. This relates to the remo val of the Cherokee Indians by the U.S. Army from their native lands in North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. During the jaunt they were held in camps and then forced to travel over 1,000 miles during adverse weather. This trail led them to the Indian Territory, which is now Oklahoma. This was a catalyst towards the devastation of the American Indian culture... ...mises such as owning their land as long waters run and the grass shall grow. The Indians would have continued to live "until the end of time" if the white settlers had not intervened. The white settlers created conditions that threatened the existence of the Indians. By the late 1800s, most of the tribes had now been almost completely abolished. The Indians were either beaten into submission or succumbed to the many transmittable diseases brought on by the settlers. By the start of the 1900s there were less than one quarter million Native American Indians in the country. These numbers dwindled from over half(prenominal) a million in the early 1880s and over five million since Columbus first set foot on these lands. Most of the Indians now were living in the small reservations. Beaten, tired and humiliated, they lived in poverty, alcoholism, and unemployment. They were now forced to live off the government as wards of the state. Once the rulers of the West they now a lost culture, having lost their identities and sense of being. Although the freedom of their ancient way of life has been lost, the religion, culture, legends, and spirit of the Native American Indian will always endure.